Flat cars were literally the very first type of railroad car created by man. The first one was built by the Granite Railway of Massachusetts (the first U.S. railroad) in 1826 to move large stones in New England.
Prototype railroads consider well cars to be flat cars, but we treat those as a separate category of freight cars. Similarly, some people may consider milk cars to be flat cars, but we treat those separately as well.
Below are links to the various reports that show all of the S-scale flat cars ever produced. Click whichever report gets you to the information that wish to find. The bottom of this page has additional references that might be of interest.
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These definitions, in alphabetical order, may clarify some of the terms used in the reports linked to above:
Click the red header text for the external web site, listed here in alphabetical order. All offer some prototype photos.